Love Theme in Fuenteovejuna Essay - 1482 Words

Discuss Lopes handling of the theme of love in Fuenteovejuna Although from first view, Fuenteovejuna does not appear to be a love story, love is a key theme running through. It is important to take into account how this love is portrayed and how it relates to the moral of the story – if, in fact, there is one. Lope de Vega has a clear Golden Age view on this theme and it will be crucial to analyse how the era in which it was written influences how the audience perceived it at the time in comparison with a modern day audience. Two key features of Spanish Golden Age life were the ideas of honour and†¦show more content†¦If a tragedy occurred, it would be said that it was because of disharmonious acts, it is comparable with the modern idea of Karma.(2) People who were in love were seen to live in harmony and this gave golden age writers, poets and artists an intrinsic theme for their works. For Lope, the resolution of disorder was a key theme in Fuenteovejuna which included demonstrating how the love of Laurencia and Frondoso was harmonious and any acts displayed by the Comendador in terms of his view on love were disharmonious. (3) In the conclusion to the play, the villagers have created disharmony, and order is only restored when King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella pardon the villagers. Although the Monarchs did not punish the villagers, they did not pardon them before torturing them. Upon hearing of their stance together, the King and Queen must have felt something akin to love towards the villagers as they were put under direct supervision of the crown rather than another Comendador.(4)This is important to note as the play was set at a time of monarchical struggle and the villagers must have reciprocated the love towards their monarchs because Lope wanted the audience to relate to the characters of the villagers. This suggests that the villagers would have been good, Catholic people who supported the King and Queen who had brought harmony to Spain.(5) The protagonists of the playShow MoreRelatedFuenteovjena Is A Play Written By Lope De Vega, A Spanish Playwright1658 Words   |  7 Pagessmall town called Fuenteovejuna in an area of Spain called Catille. The period of the play is centered on the reign of King Ferdinand and queen Isabella. The play follows the people in the small town of Fuenteovejuna, specifically the journey of a young woman in the village, Laurencia. Overall, the play represents three pivotal themes including love, the desire for power, and the over arching idea of honor. One of the most vital themes in the play is the theme of love. This is representedRead MoreRenaissance Theater Spain1120 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical events in Renaissance Theater Spain were often fused with the creative writing styles of playwrights to create dramas. These dramas, like the play Fuenteovejuna, were based on true events, and the historical elements were incorporated into performances by playwrights. The play, Fuenteovejuna, is a dramatization of an actual event that happened in 1476, about one hundred years before the famous playwright, Lope de Vega, was born. Theater during the Spanish Renaissance time period wasRead MoreFuente Ovejuna By Lope De Vega1705 Words   |  7 PagesNow) Lope de Vega’s adaptation of Fuente Ovejuna aimed to enlighten the people of Spain as to their democratic heritage. (Fox, 188) However, beneath the obvious political message of the play, is the theme of love. Fuente Ovejuna is a timeless call to action with strong t hemes of how the power of love can give an individual and the community vast amounts of courage to band together against a controlling, womanizing ruler. The first act opens in Almargo at the home of the Master of Calatrava, RodrigoRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Trinity9485 Words   |  38 PagesMessiah, and as incarnate. Theophilus was the first to name the â€Å"Trias† of the Trinity. Irenaeus confronted the Gnostic theology of his time by focusing on the unity of God and Christ as the only mediator who is able to save. Key to Irenaeus is this theme of unity â€Å"one and the same† (unus et idem/ipse). This unity is present in the â€Å"two hands of the creator† whose creative energies present as word and wisdom and this unity is present in the unified Biblical narrative of the Old and New testaments.

interoperability paper bshs 375 - 1231 Words

Interoperability Manuel Velasco BSHS/ 375 January 19, 2015 Sena Cross The evolution of technology has made a radical change in our society today. It has taken a toll in the way operations systems work in many corporations and health industries. Many corporations invest millions of dollars with a clear vision of the effective improvements they will be able to make with a system of operation that is fast, secure, and saves time. The term saves time means, a system is able to have one person do the job instead of 2 or 3 different staff members. This does not only promote a glimpse of the future and the advances that technology has to offer. Through technology and different gadgets available it automatically saves industries money†¦show more content†¦For a human services provider the ability is critical in meeting objectives. Interoperability focuses on care delivery. In the Administration for children and families, the three methods of interoperability would be the information of sharing, exchanging, improve services of delivery. The main go al would be to provide better outcome for children and their families. The National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) Human Services (HS) Domain was established by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and recognized by the NIEM Executive Steering Council in March, 2012 to support information sharing and promote interoperability between and beyond Human Service organizations in connection with federal, state, local, and tribal agencies. The initial scope of the NIEM HS Domain will be determined by the HS Domain Governance Group. Here are some of the examples of data exchanges to be considered by this group: New York City HHS Connect: A network of NYC agency exchanges that serve over 3 million people with a wider range of needs from applying for standard benefit to the more complex needs of socio-economically disadvantage New Yorkers (Niem, pg.12). Child Support Required Data Exchanges: State child support agency computer systems are required to support automated interfaces with various health and human series agencies within the state. The minimum data elements for data exchange for the interferences at a federal level. TheseShow MoreRelatedBSHS 375 WK 1 Individual Assignment Interoperability Paper1047 Words   |  5 PagesInvestigate and describe the three methods of interoperability. Discuss how each method of interoperability could be integrated into the selected organization and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. For each method, describe the backup plan should technology fail. Interoperability: Interoperability is defined as the aptitude of one system to perform work in integration with other systems without asking for several hard work and effort. Interoperability turns out to be a quality of enhancingRead MoreInteroperbility Paper1379 Words   |  6 PagesInteroperability Paper BSHS/375 Nicole Nightingale Interoperability Paper The human service organization chosen for this paper is Division of Aging Services. The Division of Aging Services is a branch of the New Jersey Department of Social Services. In this paper the services provided by this program and the populations eligible for these services will be examined. The three models of interoperability will be discussed, how they can be integrated into the Division of Aging Services, the advantages

Academic and Career Development Employability

Question: Undertake a critical review of the literature regarding employability. Consider the current market place for graduates and choose a career path informed by career theory Answer: 1. Graduate Employment New figures have suggested that more UK graduates are presently at work than any time since the recession. Among 82,000 people who have graduated in the year 2011, about 88% of them are already working. Remaining percentage of this population is engaged in the Higher Education. Coetzee (2012) has shown that more than half of the UK graduates believe that they do not require any special degree at the place they have been working. It has been found that after the recession, the job opportunities for the graduates have increased largely that many that the graduated believe that their education has prepared them so well for the world of work. On the contrary to the situation, it has been seen that one third of the working population have took their jobs as cleaners, office juniors and road sweepers just after six months of leaving the university (de Oliveira de Castro, 2010). Therefore, it can be said that the statics of UK graduates employability is in sharp contrast. After passing uni versity, many graduates were in the non-professional roles that have been working in the areas like administration and secretarial, skilled trades as well as caring industries along with sales and customer service. 2. Graduate Labor Market Coetzee (2012) has said that the labor market is one of the key parts of the economy as well as the long term tendencies have one of the foremost insinuations not only for the financial system, but also for the society in general. Several changes have come to the UK labor market over the recent decades that take into account the growth in size of the labor force in the market, increasing number of women population in the marketplace, lessening in the size of the industrialized sector and some more. In this particular text, focus would be shed on employability considering the market place for the graduates. Moreover, career theory would be discussed as well to understand the situation carefully. It has been found that the leading employers expect to recruit importantly more graduates in the year 2014 and have offered them 8.7% more than the basic entry-level vacancies than the last year. Therefore, it has been seen as the biggest annual rise in the graduate recruitment for the last fo ur years (Finnie Meng, 2007). 3. Job Vacancy for graduates Over the last few years, the economic condition of UK economy has been gradually recovering and thus many firms are increasing their recruitment intake, therefore, it can be easily said that the demand for the graduates in UK has been increasing. Few years back, at the peak of the recession, hundreds of people were there, who chased jobs in several industries in UK, but with the enhancement of the economic condition, the jobs of the nation have gradually prospected. Kirton (2015) has said that the graduate employment at the Britains top managers is set to reach the uppermost level for more than a decade this year. It has been found that the demand for the nurses has been always high in demand in UK and the expert nurses has been working in operation theaters as well as neonatal intensive care units largely (Richard 2013). 4. Graduate Salary The median preliminary salaries at UK for the countrys foremost employers are anticipated to increase 30000 for the graduates of this year. It has been observed that the equipment is fast moving with plenty of probability of endorsement as well as the demand for the IT professionals are gradually surging. From the market tends, it has been observed that the graduates with the strong Java knowledge and the Java developers with minimum one or two years of experience has the authority to demand an annual salary of 35,000 (Trought, 2012). However, just a year ago, they were looking at salary of 28,000. Therefore, it can be easily said that the demand for the graduates in the market is gradually rising. The staff nurses in UK earn around 22,000 a year and this amount rises with experience. The salary structure at the most higher-ranking level can reach the level 100,000 (Marsh 2012). 5. Required skills that employers want From various market analysis, it has been found that the presently the skill demand for the employees in UK are in the fields of verbal communication, commercial awareness, analyzing and investing, initiative based on the self motivation, written communication, planning and organizing. These above-mentioned are some of the skills that employers want for the employees who have been looking for jobbing (Marsh 2012). It has been found that the employers want the employees to have more critical decision-making power, ability to solve the problems, develop respect as well as gradually become strong ambassadors for the organization. These are considered as some of the high employability skills that the employers expect from their employees in the organization (Kirton, 2015). 6. Graduate Employment opportunities Reports say that huge numbers of employees enter into the fiercely competitive market and most of them were desperate enough to secure a position in any of the Britains top most firms (Saunders Zuzel, 2010). With the gradual increase economic condition in the nation, the opportunities for the graduate employees has been gradually increasing (Saunders Zuzel, 2010). 7. Competitiveness of graduate labor market Competition in the job market is high, as the university leavers face the toughest job markets since the depths of recession. It has been found that the competition is so fierce that the employers of the top most companies are receiving 56 applications per graduate vacancy and from this statics, it is clear that the completion in the labor market is high (Stevens, 2013). 8. Conclusion In this particular text, focus has been shed on employability considering the market place for the graduates. Several aspects of employability have been discussed as well to understand the situation carefully. The theories mentioned in the text have helped the aligned the text with the addressed research topic carefully. The market trend of the employees has been discussed as well to analyze the situation critically. References Coetzee, M. (2012). Developing student graduateness and employability. Randburg, Republic of South Africa: Knowres Publishing. de Oliveira, E., de Castro Guimares, I. (2010). "Employability" through curriculum innovation and skills development. Higher Education Management And Policy, 22(2), 1-20. Finnie, R., Meng, R. (2007). Literacy and employability. [Ottawa]: Statistics Canada. Kirton, H. (2015). Young peoples employability skills top agenda at Conservative Party conference. London: SAGE Marsh, R. (2012). Skills for employability. Wrexham: Christal. South Africa: Knowres Publishing. 12 (1), 22-38 Richard, K. (2013). Participation in social action initiatives can help boost employability skills. (2013). England: Pearson. 15(3), 92-178 Saunders, V., Zuzel, K. (2010). Evaluating Employability Skills: Employer and Student Perceptions. Bioscience Education, 15(1), 1-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.3108/beej.15.2 Stevens, M. (2013). HR urged to visit schools to improve employability skills. Trought, F. (2012). Brilliant employability skills. Harlow, England: Pearson.

Law E-commerce UK Consumer Rights Act 2015

Question: Discuss about the Law E-commerce UK for Consumer Rights Act 2015? Answer: Introduction The Consumer Rights Act brought into practice from the recent year 2015 which is meant for simplification, modernization and strengthening of the law in UK. Thus, provide more effective coverage of the rights of consumers during the process of buying. This new act has replaced the old sale of goods act and introduced a number of clarifications in the process. This paper deals with the evaluation of the case of Nadim basing on his experience from an e-commerce transaction, to identify the rights using the implied terms provided in the Consumer Rights Act 2015. The Issue or Problem Area This is apparent from the case study that Nadim, was willing to take the pictures of the start at night and therefore, the consumer needed tow lenses for his digital Canon camera 5D mk ii. He was willing to buy two second hand lenses from the given links provided by the camera website. The description it was found that the lenses were of 1970s and the first lens is a Pentax Super Takumar SMC 50mm F1.4, whilst the second lens is a Canon 58mm F1.2 FD. Further the consumer also required the adapters for the fixing the old lenses in his camera and the seller assured that he would get cheap adapters for both lenses. Therefore, Nadim went ahead and purchased both the lenses. However, the problem arises when it was found by the consumer that the products or goods were not of satisfactory quality. The lenses were radioactive and slightly yellow which would affect the quality of the picture as the same would cause loss of light. Further, the adapters that the person required were also not fitting for the purpose. The second lens was old fitting type and the same cannot be used by the consumer and the adapter of the second lens was just not appropriate to take pictures at night. Moreover, the qualities of the adapters were poor enough to degrade the quality of the picture. Therefore, this is apparent that the main purpose of buying the lenses was to take pictures at night and the adapters were required for fixing the lenses in his camera. However, the goods were not of the satisfactory quality and were not serving the purpose of the consumers. Moreover, it was also discovered by the consumer after the purchase that the lenses were slightly radioactive and this was another matter of concern of the consumer. Nevertheless, on demanding for the refund the seller refused it on the grounds that, the level of radiation from the lenses would not be harmful and the adapters that he provided to the consumers were the best fitted adapters that he could arrange for the old lenses. The Relevant Law for the Issue Therefore, from the above mentioned problem of Nadim, that resulted from the purchase of goods through e-commerce there are few terms which are implied from the Consumer Rights Act 2015. There are some of the statutory rights of goods contract which are the goods to be of satisfactory quality and goods to be fit for the particular purpose, implied terms applicable for the considered case[1]. Further this is implied contract in supply of goods that the quality of the goods would be satisfactory, as per the Consumer Rights Act under the term of goods to be of satisfactory quality[2]. The goods are termed to be satisfactory on meeting the standard of quality from the perspective of a reasonable person. The quality of goods considers, the fitness of the purpose, look, goods should be devoid of minor defect and safety of the products along with durability is must[3]. In case of anything unsatisfactory about the goods the same should be brought into the notice of the buyer prior to the con tract is made. The three primary factors embodied under product quality requirements marked by the Consumer Rights Act 2015 are; the satisfactory quality, fit for the purpose and as described. The rules mentioned in the new Act are applicable for all types of products and irrespective of the mode of sale whether e-commerce or from physical shop. Further, in case of any disputes and violation of the consumer right there are certain remedies which are introduced in the Consumer Rights Act [4]. The bases set for refunding along with the period as the remedy for the breach of any contract in the supply of goods. Application of the Law For the considered case of Nadim the specified law of goods to be of satisfactory quality under section 9(2), is applicable. As, the claimant Nadim was not able to use the second Canon lens and further the adapters were too poor for providing quality picture sold by the seller, therefore, the good were not at all satisfactory. This is true that Nadim bought second hand lenses as he demand for used lenses but, this does not permit the seller to Nadim with poor quality lenses which are slightly yellow and radioactive. Questioning right to safety of the consumer also the second lens is not at all suitable for taking pictures at night[5]. However, it was mentioned by the claimant that he was looking for fast lenses for taking picture of the starts at night. The above case can also be related with the case law, Stevenson v Rogers (1999), where the claimant bought a boat from the fisherman for the consideration of $ 14[6]. However, the claimant was not satisfied with the boat due to its poor quality and was not serving the purpose for which the boat was purchased[7]. Therefore, the claimant filed a case against the fisherman on the ground of breach of the amount paid for the poor quality boat, under the sale of goods sold act[8]. The defendant tried to defend himself but, the fisherman was held liable by the court that the sale was considered to be a business transaction[9]. Therefore, it was the duty of the seller to make sure of the quality of the boat before selling. Similarly, in case of Nadim also the lenses and the adapter sold by the seller were of poor quality and not meeting the need of the buyer. Moreover, the law term fitness for purpose under section 10 (1) is also applicable in case of Nadim as, it was mentioned by the claimant to the seller that he wanted fast lenses for taking the shots of the stars through a mail. However, the second lens was not only suitable for taking photos at night but also not fitting in the camera, and the both the lenses were yellowish would reduce the light of the picture. Despite, the purpose of buyer was clear to the seller the person sold such poor quality lenses and one of them was not serving the purpose at all[10]. This case can be related to the recent case took place in UK, BSS Group Plc v Makers (UK) Ltd (t/a Allied Services) 2011, where the seller BSS Group Plc sold adaptor and valve to Makers (UK) Ltd for assisting in a plumbing project of renovation[11]. The problem occurred when it was found that the items bought were not suitable for the purpose, rather the valve blew casing flood on the house ground. While, placing the order the purpose was mentioned and for the specific purpose the seller was supposed to provide a particular type of valve and adaptor but, the seller failed to do so. Thus, BSS was found guilty under section 14 (3) of sale of goods act in the eye of law. Another case, Bernstein v Pamson Motors 1986, the merchantable quality of the goods was the main consideration of the specified case under sale of goods act. This case can be associated with the revised consideration in Consumer Rights Act 2015, goods to be of satisfactory quality under section 9 (1) and (3) to a certain extent. In the case the claimant purchased a car from the car manufacturer however, after a short period of use the car broke down while driving and the defendant accepted the fault and repaired the car as new one without any charges as the products sold by the seller was faulty[12]. Therefore, in case of Nadim also the adapters were not of poor quality, the lenses were radioactive might prove to be harmful for the claimant and the second lens was applicable for taking pictures at night. Conclusion From evaluation of Nadims case enclosure to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 this is clear that the claimant has the right to file case against the seller under section 9 (1) and (3) and also section 10 (1). Further, from the analysis of certain other cases under sale of goods act this is clear that Nadim have the right to ask for the refund from the defendant as, the lenses and adapters were not satisfactory; not serving the purpose properly further, and safety factor is also questioned as the lenses were found to be radioactive. Nadim can claim for refund under, 30 day right to reject specified by Consumer Right Act 2015. References: [1] Gov.uk,. 2015,Consumer Rights Act 2015 - GOV.UK. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/consumer-rights-act-2015/consumer-rights-act-2015 [2] Legislation.gov.uk,. 2016,Consumer Rights Act 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/15/part/1/enacted [3] Which.co.uk,. 2016,Consumer Rights Act 2015 - Which?. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.which.co.uk/consumer-rights/regulation/consumer-rights-act [4] BBC News,. 2016,Your new consumer rights explained - BBC News. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34410782 [5] Burrows, A. 2013,English Private Law. Oxford University Press. [6] Webstroke.co.uk,. 2016,Stevenson v Rogers [1999] | Case Summary | Webstroke Law. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://webstroke.co.uk/law/cases/stevenson-v-rogers-1999 [7] E-lawresources.co.uk,. 2016,Stevenson v Rogers. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Stevenson-v-Rogers.php [8] Whincup, M. 2006,Contract Law and Practice: The English System with Scottish, Commonwealth, and Continental Comparisons. Kluwer Law International. [9] Del Valle, S. 2003,Language rights and the law in the United States. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. [10] DiMatteo, L., Zhou, Q., Saintier, S., Rowley, K. 2013,Commercial Contract Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [11] Lexisweb.co.uk,. 2016,Makers (UK) Ltd (trading as Allied Services) v BSS Group Plc | LexisWeb. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://lexisweb.co.uk/cases/2011/july/makers-uk-ltd-trading-as-allied-services-v-bss-group-plc [12] Ho, H. 1997, Some Reflections on Property and Title in the Sale of Goods Act.Cam. Law. J.,vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 571.

Hydroponics Gardening Without Soil Essays - Hydroculture

Hydroponics: Gardening Without Soil Have you ever thought of growing plants without soil? A science known as hydroponics will allow you to do just this. Hydroponics systems have been used since the time of the ancient Babylonians who used them to used them to grow their famous hanging gardens. Today, all around the world, fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants are grown using hydroponics. The word hydroponics was derived from the Greek words hydros, meaning water, and ponos, meaning labor, or literally, water working. Hydro-ponics is simply growing plants in a water and balanced fertilizer solution. It is rapidly becoming the most common way of growing speciality crops and crops that require special conditions to grow. Hydroponics is also known as Soilless/Controlled Environment Agriculture. This means that plants are grown without soil in greenhouse environments in which everything from the amount of nutrients applied to the temperature and humidity can be monitored closely. Greenhouses are ideal for hydroponics systems because they have their own climate. New types of greenhouses are designed to distribute light from the sun during the day to promote better plant growth and retain heat at night which saves on fuel. These greenhouses are quickly becoming choice places for growers to set up their hydroponics systems. These set-ups are increasing yields and decreasing plant loss which is more profitable for the grower. Speciality crops such as tomatoes, lettuce, cucumbers, and hot peppers, which cannot be grown conventionally all year long, are being grown in hydroponically. These vegetables which were previously scarce in some seasons will be plentiful all year. Hydroponically grown vegetables can be harvested year ?round so even regions that have harsh winters, or short growing seasons can enjoy these special crops anytime. One fruit that is especially hard to find at certain times of the year is the strawberry. The strawberry industry is beginning to convert from the traditional soil grown berries to the hydroponically grown variety. This drastic change was brought about by an upcoming ban on methyl bromide, which is used to fumigate strawberry plants. If the plants are not fumigated, yields drop, pests destroy the leaves and roots of the plant, as well as, the fruit. Scientists at the Appalachian Fruit Research Station in Kearneysville, West Virgina have transplanted many varieties of strawberries, previously grown in the soil, into a hydroponics system. They added the nutrients the plants normally received from the soil directly into the water. The results of the experiments have been good. Each of the plants were healthy and each yielded between one and two pounds of fruit. The strawberry experiments were not totally problem free. The researchers had problems with mites, thrips, and powdery mildew on the foliage of the plant. To solve pest problem the researchers used beneficiary predatory mites to rid the plants of the tiny parasites. To get rid of the mildew the researchers regulated the humidity level in the green house so prevent the mildew from growing on the leaves. Another industry that utilizes hydroponics is the flower industry. Holland is a main supplier of roses to the United States, and almost all of their flowers are grown hydroponically. Herbs such as cilantro, oregano, and dill are also being grown hydroponically. Ornamental plants are also being grown hydroponically. Flower shops and nurseries can have plants that are usually out of season at some time, all year long. The advantages of hydroponically grown crops are significant. The fruits and vegetables have superior taste, appearance, and quality. There are no weeds, cultivation, and no soil borne diseases or insects. All the plants receive the same amount of water and nutrients. Due to the closed circuit nature of the systems less water and less fertilizer is needed. All of these things make hydroponics a practical way to grow some crops. Commercial growers often use a product known as Perlite as a growth medium in their hydroponics system. Perlite is a volcanic glass formed when lava cools rapidly trapping water. The glass is crushed and heated to very high temperatures. From this comes a soft mineral foam. This foam can hold large amounts of water, and has a neutral pH. These two factors make it ideal for a growth medium. There are certain nutrients that are needed to

Treaty of Portsmouth

Treaty of Portsmouth The Treaty of Portsmouth was a peace agreement signed on September 5, 1905, at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, United States, which officially ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 – 1905. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in brokering the pact. Fast Facts: Treaty of Portsmouth The Treaty of Portsmouth was a peace agreement between Russia and Japan, brokered by the United States. It put an end to the Russo-Japanese War, fought from February 8, 1904 to September 5, 1905, when the treaty was signed.Negotiations focused on three key issues: access to Manchurian and Korean ports, control of Sakhalin Island, and payment of the financial costs of the war.The Treaty of Portsmouth led to nearly 30 years of peace between Japan and Russia, and earned President Roosevelt the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906. The Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War of 1904 – 1905 was fought between the Empire of Russia, a modernized world military power, and the Empire of Japan, a largely agrarian nation just starting to develop its industrial sector. Since the end of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, both Russia and Japan had clashed over their competing imperialistic ambitions in areas of Manchuria and Korea. By 1904, Russia controlled Port Arthur, a strategically important warm water seaport on the southern tip of Manchuria’s Liaodong Peninsula. After Russia helped put down an attempted Japanese coup in adjacent Korea, war between the two nations seemed inevitable. On February 8, 1904, the Japanese attacked the Russian fleet harbored at Port Arthur before sending a declaration of war to Moscow. The surprise nature of the attack helped Japan gain an early victory. Over the next year, Japanese forces won important victories in Korea and the Sea of Japan. However, casualties were high on both sides. In the bloody Battle of Mukden alone, some 60,000 Russian and 41,000 Japanese soldiers were killed. By 1905, the human and financial costs of war led both countries to seek peace. Terms of the Treaty of Portsmouth Japan asked U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to act as the intermediary to negotiating a peace agreement with Russia. Hoping to maintain an equal balance of power and economic opportunity in the region, Roosevelt desired a pact that would allow both Japan and Russia to maintain their influence in East Asia. Though he had publicly supported Japan at the start of the war, Roosevelt feared that America’s interests in the region could suffer if Russia was driven out completely. Russian and Japanese diplomats seated at the negotiating table during the Portsmouth Peace Conference. Buyenlarge / Getty Images Negotiations focused on three key issues: access to Manchurian and Korean ports, control of Sakhalin Island, and payment of the financial costs of the war. Japan’s priorities were: the division of control in Korea and South Manchuria, the sharing of war costs, and control of Sakhalin. Russia demanded continued control of Sakhalin Island, flatly refused to reimburse Japan for its war costs, and sought to maintain its Pacific fleet. Payment of war costs turned out to be the most difficult negotiation point. In fact, the war had so badly depleted Russia’s finances, it would have probably been unable to pay any war costs even if required to do so by the treaty. Delegates agreed to declare an immediate cease-fire. Russia recognized Japan’s claim to Korea and agreed to withdraw its forces from Manchuria. Russia also agreed to return its lease of Port Arthur in southern Manchuria to China and give up its railroad and mining concessions in southern Manchuria to Japan. Russia retained control of the Chinese Eastern Railway in northern Manchuria. When negotiations stalled over control of Sakhalin and payment of war debts, President Roosevelt suggested that Russia â€Å"buy back† the northern half of Sakhalin from Japan. Russia flatly refused to pay money its people might see as an indemnity for territory their soldiers had paid for with their lives. After a lengthy debate, Japan agreed to drop all of its claims for reparations in return for the southern half of Sakhalin Island. Historical Significance The Treaty of Portsmouth led to nearly 30 years of peace between Japan and Russia. Japan emerged as the main power in East Asia, as Russia was forced to drop its imperialistic aspirations in the region. However, the agreement did not sit well with the people of either country. Postcard shows the building at the Portsmouth Navy Yard where the peace talks were held, the Hotel Wentworth, and flags of Japan and Russia, all superimposed on an American flag. Buyenlarge / Getty Images The Japanese people considered themselves the victors and saw the refusal of war reparations as an act of disrespect. Protests and riots broke out in Tokyo when the terms were announced. At the same time, being forced to give up half of Sakhalin Island angered the Russian people. However, neither the average Japanese nor Russian citizen was aware of how badly the war had damaged the economies of their respective countries. During the war and the peace talks, the American people generally felt Japan was fighting a â€Å"just war† against Russian aggression in East Asia. Viewing Japan as being fully committed to the U.S. Open Door policy of preserving the territorial integrity of China, Americans were anxious to support it. However, the negative, sometimes anti-American reaction to the treaty in Japan surprised and angered many Americans. Indeed, the Treaty of Portsmouth marked the last meaningful period of U.S.-Japanese cooperation until the post-World War II reconstruction of Japan in 1945. At the same time, however, relations between Japan and Russia warmed as a result of the treaty. While he never actually attended the peace talks, and the actual extent of his influence on leaders in Tokyo and Moscow remained unclear, President Roosevelt was widely praised for his efforts. In 1906, he became the first of three sitting U.S. presidents to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Sources and Further Reference â€Å"The Treaty of Portsmouth and the Russo-Japanese War, 1904–1905.† U.S. Department of State. Office of the Historian Kowner, Rotem. â€Å"Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War.† The Scarecrow Press, Inc. (2006). â€Å"Text of Treaty; Signed by the Emperor of Japan and Czar of Russia.† The New York Times. October 17, 1905. â€Å"Partial record of Privy Council meeting to ratify the treaty.† National Archives of Japan. Figes, Orlando. â€Å"From Tsar to U.S.S.R.: Russias Chaotic Year of Revolution.† National Geographic.

Atmosphere Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Atmosphere - Essay Example Firstly, the sense gives people the opportunity of knowing the designation of all their body parts and the activities they can facilitate. They also know the way the body parts move, their effectiveness and how to act in response to stimuli. The process is actualized through sensation and perception that facilitates processing of sensory data and interpretation to give credible meaning. The brain processes the information taken by the eyes and the body produces reflex actions as well as coordinated movements to respond to the external stimuli in a way that makes it the most convenient for the body to move in the given space and the challenges contained therein. Therefore, the elements greatly influence the direction of movement in space. Atmosphere has a direct as well as indirect influence on body movement. For example, while an individual enclosed in a closet or a lift has very little room to shift from one place to another and thus cannot make significant movements even if the ind ividual desires so; an individual hiding underneath a tree holding onto its trunk chooses not to make significant movements while an earthquake is happening in an attempt to keep safe and not catch significant harm. The difference between the two examples is that in the former, atmosphere places direct restrictions on the movement of the body whereas in the latter, external stimuli and factors contained in the atmosphere indirectly restrict the movement of the body. The restraints in the first example are mechanical or physical whereas those in the second example are abstract and a result of the interplay of the mind and body of the individual in the scenario. The relationship between atmosphere and body movement can be elaborated with the help of another example; an individual may see an object from a distance through light reflection and develop interest in acquiring it personally.